Features of mirror visual feedback application for patients with phantom limb pain under conditions of atypical phantom position

Abstract

One of the most interesting methods of neurorehabilitation is Mirror Visual Feedback (MVF). Despite the widespread information about effectiveness of MVF, specialists who have previously used this method but have not achieved positive results when working with patients, have many questions about the specific features of its application. Objective. The aim of our study was evaluation of the MVF effectiveness for reducing the severity of phantom pain in an amputated limb in the presence of atypical phantom location. Material and Methods: The study involved 29 patients with phantom limb pain. The severity of pain and quality of life were assessed. Results: It was found that the effectiveness of the MVF depends on some important factors, such as a discrepancy between the location of the phantom at the level of sensations and in reflection, duration and severity of the pain syndrome. Conclusions. An important factor in the successful results of the MVF application is assessment of the initial position of the phantom and ability to change its position in space at the sensory level. A decrease in the severity of phantom pain can create in the long-term the illusion that the patient has adapted to the problem. The timing and frequency of the MVF course should be selected individually, depending on the duration, severity of phantom pain and patient fatigue. It is assumed that the use of MVF in the early period after amputation prevents the development of phantom pain, which requires further research in this direction.