Acute cholecystitis – a narrative review for practical approach

Abstract

Acute calculous cholecystitis is a significant medical condition characterized by inflammation of the gallbladder due to the obstruction of bile duct by gallstones. The objective of this review is to clear out the current understanding of pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic techniques, and management strategies of acute calculous cholecystitis. The discussion begins with an examination of the epidemiology of cholecystitis, highlighting pertinent risk factors and clinical manifestations. Furthermore, diagnostic modalities, particularly ultrasound and computed tomography, are evaluated. This review also addresses both surgical and non-surgical treatment options, placing particular emphasis on laparoscopic cholecystectomy as the gold standard while considering alternative therapies for patients at high risk. Through a thorough analysis of recent literature, this article aims to provide valuable insights into best practices and future directions for managing acute calculous cholecystitis, ultimately improving patient outcomes and reducing the morbidity associated with this prevalent condition.